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  1. With Moom, you can easily move and zoom windows to half screen, quarter screen, or fill the screen; set custom sizes and locations, and save layouts of opened windows for one-click positioning. Once you've tried Moom, you'll wonder how you used your Mac without it.
  2. Screenshot showing Wikipedia website running in a site-specific browser window created by Fluid on Mac OS X Web (previously called Epiphany) on GNOME A site-specific browser ( SSB ) is a software application that is dedicated to accessing pages from a single source (site) on a computer network such as the Internet or a private intranet.

See the best Anime Cute Sailor Moon Wallpapers collection. If you see some Anime Cute Sailor Moon Wallpapers you’d like to use, just click on the image to download to your desktop or mobile devices. That means that each operating system, or application, or implementation is free to use those unicode characters for anything they want. It just so happens that Apple has chosen to use unicode character U+F8FF (decimal value 63743, or on the web as either  or ) as the Apple Logo.

Screenshot showing Wikipedia website running in a site-specific browser window created by Fluid on Mac OS X
Web (previously called Epiphany) on GNOME

A site-specific browser (SSB) is a software application that is dedicated to accessing pages from a single source (site) on a computer network such as the Internet or a private intranet. SSBs typically simplify the more complex functions of a web browser by excluding the menus, toolbars and browser chrome associated with functions that are external to the workings of a single site. These applications are typically started by a desktop icon which is usually a favicon.[1]

Site-specific browsers are often implemented through the use of existing application frameworks such as Gecko, WebKit, Microsoft's Internet Explorer (the underlying layout engines, specifically Trident and JScript) and Opera'sPresto. SSBs built upon these frameworks allow web applications and social networking tools to start with desktop icons launching in a manner similar to standard non-browser applications. Some technologies, including Adobe'sAIR and JavaFX use specialized development kits that can create cross-platform SSBs. Since version 6.0, the Curl platform has offered detached applets and the EmbeddedBrowserGraphic class which can be used as an SSB on the desktop.

Applications[edit]

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One early example of an SSB is MacDICT, a Mac OS 9 application that accessed various web sites to define, translate, or find synonyms for words typed into a text box. A more current example is WeatherBug Desktop, which is a standalone client accessing information also available at the weatherbug.com website but configured to display real-time weather data for a user-specified location.

The first general purpose SSB is believed to be Bubbles[2] which launched late 2005 on the Windows platform and later coined the term 'Site Specific Extensions' for SSB userscripts and introduced the SSB Javascript API.

On 2 September 2008, the Google Chrome web browser was released for Windows. Although Chrome is a full featured browser, it also contains a 'Create application shortcut'[3] menu item that adds the ability to create a stand-alone SSB window for any site. This is similar to Mozilla Prism (formerly WebRunner), now discontinued, but which is available as an add-on to the Firefox browser version 3.[4]

Examples of applications of SSBs in various situations include:

  • Social networking: dedicated application to access and use sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, or personal blog pages
  • Email: dedicated to webmail sites such as Gmail, Hotmail, or Yahoo! Mail
  • Business: customer relationship management (CRM) or ERP client for sites such as Salesforce.com, specific web/browser hybrid implementations such as Elements SBM or intranet pages from suites like those sold by Oracle or SAP
  • Mapping: SSB specific to maps from providers like Google Maps, Mapquest, or Yahoo! Maps
  • Retail: desktop portal to major retailers that are accessed frequently or consumer services such as Carfax or CNET
Moon

Mobile applications[edit]

As of 2019, Firefox and Google Chrome on Android and Safari on iOS allow the creation of site-specific browsers for progressive web applications (PWAs).

Software[edit]

Utilities that produce site-specific browsers:

  • WebCatalog (macOS/Windows/Linux, isolated cookie storage)
  • Chromeless (macOS/Windows/Linux, isolated cookie storage)
  • Fluid (Mac OS X only, isolated cookie storage)
  • Epichrome (Mac OS only)
  • Google Chrome (Available for Windows, Mac, and Linux:[5] 'Application shortcut' feature, though not entirely sandboxed like Mozilla Prism) (feature modified, 'Create shortcut...', possibly sometimes unavailable, as of 2020)
  • ICE (software) ICE (Linux only, developed for Peppermint OS)
  • Mailplane (Mac OS only)
  • Mozilla Prism (cross-platform, Flash-compatible, and true application isolation (e.g., cookies); discontinued)
  • GNOME Web ('Install Site as Web Application' feature)
  • Internet Explorer 9 and higher[6]
  • Wavebox (Available for Windows, Mac, and Linux)
  • Unite (Mac OS only)
  • Hermit (Available for Android only)
  • iOS Safari: Share --> Add to Home Screen.
  • NoScript's ABE module with rules like

Rich web application platforms:

  • JavaFX 2.0
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Widget engines:

  • Opera Widgets

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Lane, Dave (9 August 2011). 'Creating a multi-resolution favicon including transparency with the GIMP'. Retrieved 25 February 2011.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  2. ^'Between Web & Desktop, Bubbles'. Gigaom.com. May 6, 2009. Retrieved 2006-04-15.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  3. ^'Google Chrome – Features'. google.com. Retrieved 2008-09-03.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  4. ^'Google Chrome First Impressions'. coals2newcastle.com. Retrieved 2008-09-03.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  5. ^'Create application shortcuts'. google.com. Retrieved 2013-04-04.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  6. ^Bowen, Chris (May 12, 2011). 'Internet Explorer 9 Pinned Site Shortcuts vs Internet Shortcuts'. msdn.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)

External links[edit]

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Site-specific_browser&oldid=1017364375'
December 2008
December 2010

Please avoid using it on the web

Some people have noticed, and begun using, the unicode values for theApple Logo.

This is probably fine for Mac-only applications. But it is NOTappropriate,and even WRONG, and it will NOT work properly as a generalweb page character.The problem is that the unicode value used is one of several that is setaside for private use. That means that each operating system, orapplication, or implementation is free to use those unicode characters foranything they want. It just so happens that Apple has chosen to useunicode character U+F8FF (decimal value 63743, or on the web as either or ) as the Apple Logo.But some Windows fonts put in a Windows logo. And some other fontsput in a Klingon Mummification glyph. Or elven script. Or anythingthey want. And if it isn't defined in yourlocal font, you'll just see a square. So who knows what you mightsee when I put the character in right here: 

Yes, on a Mac, you probably see an actual Apple Logo. But on othersystems, you probably see other things. So what is it good for? Youcan use it on Mac-only programs, and it'll probably work fine (especiallyif the application explicitly sets the font to one where you know thischaracter is defined as the Apple Logo). You can even use it on Mac-only web pagesif you are absolutely sure that you don't care if it is wrong on non-Macbrowsers.

But you can not claim surprise when people say they see a Windows Logo onyour Apple web-page.

Slightly More Useful Mac characters

Unicode does define some other characters which are sort of Mac-specific.

⌘ - ⌘ - ⌘ - the Command Key symbol
⌥ - ⌥ - ⌥ - the Option Key symbol
⇧ - ⇧ - ⇧ - the Shift Key (really just an outline up-arrow, not Mac-specific)
⎋ - ⎋ - ⎋ - the Escape Key (also not Mac-specific; described as 'BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW', or an escape character from ISO 9995-7). I originally thought this was supposed to be a symbol for the power button.

And while we're at it, some related (not mac-specific):
⇥ - ⇥ - ⇥ - the Tab Key symbol
⏎ - ⏎ - ⏎ - the Return Key symbol
⌫ - ⌫ - ⌫ - the Delete Key symbol
⌽ - ⌽ - ⌽ - a possible substitute for the Power symbol

Even though these are defined in standard Unicode, there is no guaranteethat they will exist in the font of the receiving browser, but they're at leastglobally defined, so they're fair game.

Peeve

And as long as we're on the subject, it's a peeve of mine how pedanticsome people get about unicode. There is no proper power button symbol inUnicode.Some pedantic unicode people claim it hasno place in Unicode, but it would just be entirely too useful indocumentation. And of courseUnicode is littered with an arbitrary set of cute little pictures, most ofwhich are far less useful, but theywon't put in standard things like this. An even better example would be thelack of audio-visual symbols, such as play, stop, and pause symbols. You cantry to cobble these things together from some of the geometric shapes andblock symbols, but even if you manage an adequate look in one font, inanother these same shapes may look completely unmatched and innappropriate.

Feh.

Update: December 2010As of October, Unicode 6.0 is out, and it adds lots of new stuff (notethat very few fonts actually support these yet). New stuff likeemoticons. Map symbols.There's a bomb symbol. There's bicycles (and lots of other transportsymbols). Thumbs up and down, and an 'ok' sign (but no flipping the birdthat I could find). Animal symbols.

They also added some audio symbols. There's symbols for mute, unumute, volumeup/down (and brightness up/down). Theres a single play/pause symbolnow. And there's fast forward, and rewind. There's skip forward andback if you like double arrow and vertical bar, but not if you onlywantd a single arrow and vertical bar.

BUT there is still no pause symbol! This is hard to imagine. Thereare several different single vertical bars that can be paired up. But Ihave not found one which always pairs appropriately in all fonts. It'sinsane that they left this out. Maybe it's there and I haven't found ityet? Please?

And the same for the power symbol. A kind reader pointed out thatat least in some fonts, the U-233D 'APL Functional Symbol Circle Stile'symbol - ⌽ - looks like the IEC 5010 power symbol (a vertical lineinside of a circle). The official code charts example shows it as a verticalline going through a circle not inside of it. And at any rate, most'power' buttons are soft buttons and appropriately use the IEC 5009standby symbol, which is a vertical line entering the top of an opencircle. This does not exist at all as far as I can tell.

So, nice try, but no cigar.

Update: November 2014Apparently Unicode is making progress. Sometime in 2014, they added in a'double vertical bar' symbol (U+23F8), which is commented as the pause. They also added play, stop, record, and a few others in a dedicated block. Some of them are explicitly named for there function but most are named for their appearance, with the function listed only as a comment. This is fairly typical. Designers of fonts should use the comments to understand a symbol's real, practical (current) usage, so they can making the 'double vertical bar' look appropriate for pause, just as they should make that new 'black waning crescent moon' symbol look appropriately like the standard 'sleep' icon.

Also, they've supposedly voted in a few power-related symbols,including a 'power' symbol (U+23FB) which is the IEC 5009 symbol, as well as a sleep symbol (U+23FE), and a dedicated 'toggle power' symbol (U+23FC). However these still don't appear in their official code charts. Unicode.orglists theseas in 'stage 6', 'accelerated for publication in the Unicode Standard while still in active technical ballot'. They'll probably be in Unicode 9.0.

Coincidentally, all the things I whined about here are all in the U_23Fx range. It's like I have my own little dedicted block there in Unicode. Whining wins.

Reader Comments(Experimental. Moderated, expect delays. Posts may be edited or ignored.I reserve the right to remove any or all comments, at any time.)

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25 comments:

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At 2010/01/16 19:14
Sean wrote:		Just out of curiosity, where have you seen ⎋ considered a Power Button symbol? I've only ever seen it used to mean 'escape'. Every use of a power button symbol I've ever seen, in particular every use by Apple, has been of the IEC power/standby symbol you mention, which as you know has a vertical stroke, not a northwest arrow.
At 2010/01/16 22:11
wrote:		Under Leopard, that character appears in the Apple Menu, as part of the shortcut for Force Quit.

Also, the same character is used in System Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts.

tom

At 2010/02/07 14:31
Alexsander Akers wrote:		If this (http://drp.ly/mhP7U) is the menu item you are referring to, it is indeed the Escape button. Try the shortcut but with the power button, and it does nothing?
At 2010/02/08 9:33
wrote:		Whoops, I guess I got that one wrong. I'll make some changes to the web page to fix it up.

I wonder why they didn't use Unicode character 241B (␛)?

tom

At 2010/02/23 5:25
Leo Davidson wrote:		For what it's worth, here's what the symbols look like in IE and Firefox on a Windows 7 machine. I think both browsers are using their default font configuration (but maybe I changed Firefox and can't remember :)).

The Broken Circle with Northwest Arrow is the most strange. In Firefox it turns into an *un*broken circle with a diagonal line (not an arrow) through it.

I totally agree with your peeve section. Unicode has so much esoteric cruft in it that squandared the code points, yet is missing several things which would be widely useful. It's not just the silly pictures (like the palm tree on a beach glyph) but things like dead languages which are only used by a handful of scholars. I imagine the 10 people who care about mixing Ancient Aramaic with other languages could get by using a special font and the private character ranges.

As a programmer, it really annoys me because UTF-16 ran out of its 65,000 characters and now has some characters which are double-width (i.e. 32-bit), which leads to all kinds of bugs and security exploits due to code which doesn't handle such characters properly, either because the author didn't know or because they tried but it's ridiculously complex to deal with character strings where the characters use a varying number of bytes, and even more so when it's a very abnormal (i.e. rarely tested) case (unlike UTF-8). Sigh!

At 2010/02/23 5:36
Leo Davidson wrote:		Oops, I said 'Ancient Aramaic' in my previous post. That is still of interest to a lot of people!

I meant Meroitic:

Existed for about 100 years and is currently spoken by zero people, yet it's taking up space in Unicode that is too valuable for music-playback symbols (etc.) which would only be useful to a few million people. :)

(BTW, the posting form seemed to strip out the close-anchor tag if it used a lowercase 'a'. Using an uppercase 'A' made it work.)

At 2010/03/16 11:33
Uli Kusterer wrote:		Hi,

just thought I'd mention that the 'command key symbol' is actually not Mac-specific either. It's the Swedish 'place of interest sign' symbol. And that's actually where Apple got the idea for this image from. If you look at this symbol in the Mac's character palette, it will actually be called the 'place of interest sign', as well.

At 2010/12/27 15:31
lenin wrote:		Power btn: ⌽

Option btn: ⎇

Enter/Return: ⏎

Tab: ⌦

Backspace: ⌫

Control: ⌃

At 2010/12/28 14:16
wrote:		Thanks. The option symbol you provided is actually upside down from the one that Apple uses, which I provided in the original article. And what you show as a tab is a forward delete. Does Apple use this as a tab symbol somewhere? At any rate, I've made a few changes based on your email. And you prompted me to notice that Unicode 6.0 is out with new stuff.

Thanks.

tom

At 2011/02/14 11:49
Kaleb David McKale wrote:		⌦ is achieved by 'fn ⌫' ☺
It's also interesting that Apple uses
↖ for Home
↘ for End
⇞ for Page Up
⇟ for Page Down
⌤ for Enter (even though its use is not consistent app to app)
I agree it's very annoying to not have a character for the power button. ☹
At 2011/04/29 7:15
Shane wrote:		When I first saw ⎋ in a Mac menu as part of a keyboard shortcut, I immediately thought it meant the power button. I figured out later that this was not the case.
Glad to see someone else was just as confused as I was about this :)
At 2011/05/09 19:33
Hamranhansenhansen wrote:		The symbol that Apple uses for the power button is on the power button of any Mac for at least the last decade.

I would guess the reason that Apple uses 'BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW' instead of [ESC] is internationalization. Or to prevent people reading it as E+S+C. Or maybe just because key shortcuts are always shown with symbols.

For the shift key, you might want to use 'UPWARDS WHITE ARROW' and for caps lock, the matching 'UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR.' That is what Apple appears to be using in the Mac OS menus also.

At 2011/05/09 19:41
wrote:		Yes, that power/standby symbol is standard across many vendors. Except it is not in Unicode.

The caps lock would be unicode U+21EA, ⇪ ⇪ ⇪

At 2011/11/02 0:42
wrote:		'but no flipping the bird that I could find'

┌∩┐(◕_◕)┌∩┐

凸ಠ益ಠ)凸

from https://gist.github.com/157796

At 2011/11/02 10:57
wrote:		Not what I meant, but cute.
At 2011/11/07 21:00
wrote:		Re Meroitic language. There is another script of which there is only one surviving artefact. It almost certainly does not contain the complete alphabet yet the letters have been included in Unicode! How useless is that? It seems that the Unicode people say 'Oh my God! Some random letters from an unknown language! We must include them straight away because Unicode is for cataloguing every language that ever existed!' I'd love to see extremely widely used, unambiguous symbols such as 'play' and 'pause' in Unicode.
At 2011/11/11 16:00
Andrés Sanhueza wrote:		There's an ongoing Unicode proposal to encode Wingdings and Webdings characters, which includes the 'pause' symbol. http://www.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4115.pdf The 'Audio UI' symbols have been accepted, among other things. http://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html

Naturally, the Windows logo was the only symbol excluded from the proposal.

At 2011/11/12 11:04
wrote:		That's excellent news - I hope the proposal is accepted. Thanks.
At 2011/11/16 10:07
ChristTrekker wrote:		I've heard talk about a proposal to encode the symbols found in Apple's old Cairo font, to mirror the proposal to encode the *dings fonts.

http://68kmla.org/wiki/Cairo

At 2011/11/16 11:50
wrote:		Yeah, but still no relief on any of the power symbols.I'm going to solve this problem myself. Until there are IEC power symbols in Unicode, I'm going to recommend that font designers standardize five of the unicode characters from the private use area (which has thousands of slots available).
  • IEC 5007 Power-on symbol, use unicode ec17
  • IEC 5008 Power-off symbol, use unicode ec18
  • IEC 5009 Standby symbol, use unicode ec19
  • IEC 5010 Hard Power on/off symbol, use unicode ec1a
  • IEEE 1621 Sleep symbol, use unicode ec1b

    Is this the wrong way to do a standard? Yes. But there's nothing wrong with font designers using these slots. It's a private use area - they can use them for anything they like. If it just so happens that lots of font designers all put these glyphs in these slots, how can that be wrong?

    • At 2011/12/12 10:55
    Andrés Sanhueza wrote:    		Although is not really a proposal, Karl Pentzlin submitted a document as reference for others with Apple symbols that has not equivalent in Unicode: ftp://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/sc2/WG2/docs/n4127.pdf
    At 2017/08/03 21:01
    DeusExMachina wrote:    		For the (pedantic) record, Meroitic existed as a written and spoken language for over a thousand years.
    At 2018/06/24 14:28
    Piotr Grochowski wrote:    		Talking about characters not in Unicode, I noticed that a hell LOT of superscripts and subscripts are missing in Unicode. While it's true that it would take infinite Unicode space to add superscripts and subscripts of every Unicode character including the superscripts and subscripts themselves, and superscript superscripts, subscript superscripts, superscript subscripts, subscript superscripts, etc..., there are still some valuable superscripts, subscripts and small capitals not in Unicode. Not even the entire ASCII or even letters are covered!!! I had to use MANY private use slots to get around that in my font: https://pastebin.com/raw/YG5vYJec
    There is also something MUCH WORSE than that: the bad rendering of and tags. Most browsers render a smaller shifted version of characters when in these tags. That's the wrong way; if I could make my own OS, its browser would totally render them as the Unicode or private use characters, and the OS would have its own bitmap font format that allows Unicode.
    At 2018/10/05 13:26
    Jess wrote:

    Unicode 9.0 includes the IEC power symbols! See https://unicodepowersymbol.com/

    Power (standby) = ⏻ (U+23FB)

    open circle with vertical line traversing

    Power On-Off = ⏼ (U+23FC)

    closed circle with vertical line inside

    Power On = ⏽ (U+23FD)

    heavy vertical line

    Sleep = ⏾ (U+23FE)

    crescent moon 'opening' rightward and slightly up

    Power Off = â­˜ (U+2B58)

    empty circle (actually just the 'heavy circle' glyph)

    At 2019/03/07 14:03
    Aaron wrote:    		Tim Cook is using it!

    https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/7/18254958/tim-cook-apple-trump-username-changed-twitter-name-potus-president

    https://twitter.com/tim_cook

    End Comments

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